A new issue of this journal has just been published. To see abstracts of the papers it contains (with links through to the full papers) click here:
Selected papers from the latest issue:
Common methods for the chiral determination of amphetamine and related compounds II. Capillary electrophoresis and nuclear magnetic resonance
22 October 2011, 22:12:50
Publication year: 2011
Source: TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Available online 21 October 2011
Justyna Małgorzata Płotka, Calum Morrison, Marek Biziuk
Amphetamine (AM) group and related ring-substituted substances are generally synthetic compounds, belonging to one of the most heavily abused drug groups in recent years. Some compounds in this class also originate from plants. Analysis of the enantiomers of AM-type compounds and metabolites is extremely important for a number of scientific disciplines. From studies of biological activity or mechanisms through determination of precursor molecules in a criminal investigation all use analytical procedures.This article reviews capillary electrophoresis and nuclear magnetic resonance as among the most common, useful methods for the chiral determination of AMs and AM-derived designer drugs in different matrices, including blood, hair, urine, and medicaments. We took into consideration articles published in the past 15 years. We describe commonly used types of chiral derivatization reagent and chiral stationary phase. Tables summarize basic information about conditions and reference data of each procedure. Other methods (e.g., gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography were described in Part I [Trends Anal. Chem. 30 (2011) 1139].
Source: TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Available online 21 October 2011
Justyna Małgorzata Płotka, Calum Morrison, Marek Biziuk
Amphetamine (AM) group and related ring-substituted substances are generally synthetic compounds, belonging to one of the most heavily abused drug groups in recent years. Some compounds in this class also originate from plants. Analysis of the enantiomers of AM-type compounds and metabolites is extremely important for a number of scientific disciplines. From studies of biological activity or mechanisms through determination of precursor molecules in a criminal investigation all use analytical procedures.This article reviews capillary electrophoresis and nuclear magnetic resonance as among the most common, useful methods for the chiral determination of AMs and AM-derived designer drugs in different matrices, including blood, hair, urine, and medicaments. We took into consideration articles published in the past 15 years. We describe commonly used types of chiral derivatization reagent and chiral stationary phase. Tables summarize basic information about conditions and reference data of each procedure. Other methods (e.g., gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography were described in Part I [Trends Anal. Chem. 30 (2011) 1139].
Highlights
► CE and NMR are useful techniques for the chiral determination of AM type compounds. ► Indirect or direct methods are used for the successful separation of enantiomers. ► CE enantioseparation offers many advantages even over the chromatographic techniques. ► Enantioseparation using microchip-CE with respect to drug analysis is possible. ► NMR techniques usually are complementary to chromatographic approaches.Removal of sulfur from a solvent extract
22 October 2011, 22:12:50
Publication year: 2011
Source: TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Available online 21 October 2011
Agata Mechlińska, Lidia Wolska, Jacek Namieśnik
The presence of sulfur in a solvent extract that is to be analyzed chromatographically impairs and sometimes precludes proper interpretation of the chromatogram, as the sulfur peak masks the peaks of other compounds present in the sample, and sulfur also disrupts the operation of the mass detector. This means that discrepancies in the results can lead to erroneous interpretations and false assessments of environmental risk. For this reason, sulfur should be removed from an extract prior to chromatographic analysis and determined in a separate analytical run using an appropriate procedure.This article presents a critical analysis of known methods for removing elemental sulfur from solvent extracts prior to the final determination step of chemicals in the group comprising polychlorinated biphenyls, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polybrominated diphenyl ethers.
Source: TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Available online 21 October 2011
Agata Mechlińska, Lidia Wolska, Jacek Namieśnik
The presence of sulfur in a solvent extract that is to be analyzed chromatographically impairs and sometimes precludes proper interpretation of the chromatogram, as the sulfur peak masks the peaks of other compounds present in the sample, and sulfur also disrupts the operation of the mass detector. This means that discrepancies in the results can lead to erroneous interpretations and false assessments of environmental risk. For this reason, sulfur should be removed from an extract prior to chromatographic analysis and determined in a separate analytical run using an appropriate procedure.This article presents a critical analysis of known methods for removing elemental sulfur from solvent extracts prior to the final determination step of chemicals in the group comprising polychlorinated biphenyls, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polybrominated diphenyl ethers.
Highlights
► Critical analysis of known methods of removing elemental sulfur from solvent extracts. ► Elemental sulfur is a serious interferent. ► Sulfur must be removed prior to chromatographic analysis & determined in a separate analytical run. ► Sulfur in extract preludes proper interpretation of the chromatogram & disrupts the operation of a mass detector.Analytical methods for the quantification of volatile aromatic compounds
20 October 2011, 22:17:31
Publication year: 2011
Source: TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Available online 19 October 2011
Małgorzata Biniecka, Sergio Caroli
The investigation of odorants is not an easy task, which needs to be undertaken in the context of fit-for-purpose quality systems. To date, great attention has been paid to determination of the volatile fractions of odorants, since they are responsible for the attributes of global flavor [i.e. a combination of olfactory (aroma) and gustatory (taste) sensations produced by chemicals]. This kind of determination can be carried out by analytical techniques [e.g., gas chromatography (GC) combined with mass spectrometry and/or olfactometric GC]. Methods complementary to GC analysis are available, allowing assessment of the olfactory impact by an electronic nose (e-nose) or a panel of selected individuals. Also, we consider some innovative analytical techniques to study the effects of odorants in food during consumption.
Source: TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Available online 19 October 2011
Małgorzata Biniecka, Sergio Caroli
The investigation of odorants is not an easy task, which needs to be undertaken in the context of fit-for-purpose quality systems. To date, great attention has been paid to determination of the volatile fractions of odorants, since they are responsible for the attributes of global flavor [i.e. a combination of olfactory (aroma) and gustatory (taste) sensations produced by chemicals]. This kind of determination can be carried out by analytical techniques [e.g., gas chromatography (GC) combined with mass spectrometry and/or olfactometric GC]. Methods complementary to GC analysis are available, allowing assessment of the olfactory impact by an electronic nose (e-nose) or a panel of selected individuals. Also, we consider some innovative analytical techniques to study the effects of odorants in food during consumption.
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