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New materials in analytical chemistry
06 September 2012,
09:14:48
Publication year: 2012
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Gangfeng Ouyang
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Gangfeng Ouyang
Advances in functional fluorescent and luminescent probes for imaging intracellular small-molecule reactive species
06 September 2012,
09:14:48
Publication year: 2012
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Shiguo Wang, Na Li, Wei Pan, Bo Tang
We summarize recent progress in imaging intracellular small-molecule reactive species (ISMRS) by functional probes. In molecular imaging, functional fluorescent and luminescent probes (e.g., ratiometric, targetable fluorescent, reversible fluorescent, and multi-functional) and corresponding nanoprobes have great potential for investigating ISMRS-mediated cell-signal transduction. We describe design strategies for the development of functional probes. Future research on ISMRS will benefit from recent advances in the development of new functional probes for selective detection of ISMRS.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Shiguo Wang, Na Li, Wei Pan, Bo Tang
We summarize recent progress in imaging intracellular small-molecule reactive species (ISMRS) by functional probes. In molecular imaging, functional fluorescent and luminescent probes (e.g., ratiometric, targetable fluorescent, reversible fluorescent, and multi-functional) and corresponding nanoprobes have great potential for investigating ISMRS-mediated cell-signal transduction. We describe design strategies for the development of functional probes. Future research on ISMRS will benefit from recent advances in the development of new functional probes for selective detection of ISMRS.
Highlights
► Intracellular small-molecule reactive species are important signaling molecules. ► Functional probes for imaging Intracellular small-molecule reactive species (ISMRS). ► We discuss classification and strategies of developing functional probes. ► We review nanoprobes for multi-functional detection and therapeutic application.Nanomaterials in analytical atomic spectrometry
06 September 2012,
09:14:48
Publication year: 2012
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Xiaoming Jiang, Ke Huang, Dongyan Deng, Hui Xia, Xiandeng Hou, Chengbin Zheng
Nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest in analytical chemistry (e.g., sample pre-concentration, molecular probes, and biological and electrochemical sensing). However, their physico-chemical and surface properties are significantly affected by their size and morphology, and impurities. This article reviews the general applications of nanomaterials in analytical atomic spectrometry, including their use to improve the sensitivity and the selectivity of atomic spectrometric methods, to broaden the application range to biological-molecule detection, and to characterize and to determine nanomaterials themselves and their impurities.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Xiaoming Jiang, Ke Huang, Dongyan Deng, Hui Xia, Xiandeng Hou, Chengbin Zheng
Nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest in analytical chemistry (e.g., sample pre-concentration, molecular probes, and biological and electrochemical sensing). However, their physico-chemical and surface properties are significantly affected by their size and morphology, and impurities. This article reviews the general applications of nanomaterials in analytical atomic spectrometry, including their use to improve the sensitivity and the selectivity of atomic spectrometric methods, to broaden the application range to biological-molecule detection, and to characterize and to determine nanomaterials themselves and their impurities.
Highlights
► Nanomaterials used in analytical atomic spectrometry for preconcentration/separation. ► Nanomaterials are used in analytical atomic spectrometry to enhance sensitivity. ► Elemental impurities in nanomaterials determined by analytical atomic spectrometry. ► Nanomaterials can be characterized by using analytical atomic spectrometry.Lanthanide ion-based luminescent nanomaterials for bioimaging
06 September 2012,
09:14:48
Publication year: 2012
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Chenzhong Yao, Chenzhong Yao, Yexiang Tong
Lanthanide ion-based luminescent nanomaterials have been developed for their unique properties (i.e. long lifetime, narrow full width at half maximum for emission peaks, and large Stokes shift). It is still a big challenge to construct new luminescent nanoparticles (NPs) with good biocompatibility for biological applications. In this review, we describe the advancements in up-conversion of lanthanide NPs and long-lasting luminescent NPs. We include mechanisms, selection, surface functionalization and applications in bioimaging.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Chenzhong Yao, Chenzhong Yao, Yexiang Tong
Lanthanide ion-based luminescent nanomaterials have been developed for their unique properties (i.e. long lifetime, narrow full width at half maximum for emission peaks, and large Stokes shift). It is still a big challenge to construct new luminescent nanoparticles (NPs) with good biocompatibility for biological applications. In this review, we describe the advancements in up-conversion of lanthanide NPs and long-lasting luminescent NPs. We include mechanisms, selection, surface functionalization and applications in bioimaging.
Highlights
► We describe the advancements in lanthanide luminescent bio-probes. ► We highlight selection of host materials, emitting activator ions and sensitizers. ► Surface functionalization is useful to improve the hydrophilicity of nanoparticles. ► We review new trends in luminescent nanoparticles for bioimaging.Aptamer-conjugated optical nanomaterials for bioanalysis
06 September 2012,
09:14:48
Publication year: 2012
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Quan Yuan, Danqing Lu, Xiaobing Zhang, Zhuo Chen, Weihong Tan
We review advances in the development and the application of optical biosensing systems based on aptamers. Aptamers exhibit advantages as molecular recognition elements for biosensors when compared to traditional antibodies. Among different detection modes that have been employed, optical methods are among the most used, and the combination of aptamers with novel optical nanomaterials has significantly improved the performance of aptamer-based sensors. The review briefly introduces the unique optical properties of nanoscale materials and the urgency of research on aptamer-conjugated optical nanomaterials in bioanalysis. We then discuss current research activities with typical examples of fluorescence, surface-plasmon resonance and quencher nanomaterials for different detection methods (e.g., fluorescence resonance transfer, colorimetry, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy). The conclusion summarizes this exciting realm of study and offers perspectives for future developments.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Quan Yuan, Danqing Lu, Xiaobing Zhang, Zhuo Chen, Weihong Tan
We review advances in the development and the application of optical biosensing systems based on aptamers. Aptamers exhibit advantages as molecular recognition elements for biosensors when compared to traditional antibodies. Among different detection modes that have been employed, optical methods are among the most used, and the combination of aptamers with novel optical nanomaterials has significantly improved the performance of aptamer-based sensors. The review briefly introduces the unique optical properties of nanoscale materials and the urgency of research on aptamer-conjugated optical nanomaterials in bioanalysis. We then discuss current research activities with typical examples of fluorescence, surface-plasmon resonance and quencher nanomaterials for different detection methods (e.g., fluorescence resonance transfer, colorimetry, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy). The conclusion summarizes this exciting realm of study and offers perspectives for future developments.
Highlights
► Research is urgent for aptamer-conjugated optical nanomaterials in bioanalysis. ► Quantum dots and carbon nanotubes are aptamer-conjugated fluorescent nanomaterials. ► Aptamer-functionalized plasmonic metal nanomaterials for SPR and SERS detection. ► Aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials as fluorescence quenchers for biodetection. ► Carbon nanotubes, graphene, gold nanoparticles and dye-doped silica nanoparticles.Graphenes in chemical sensors and biosensors
06 September 2012,
09:14:48
Publication year: 2012
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Sven Kochmann, Thomas Hirsch, Otto S. Wolfbeis
This review covers the current state of the art of using graphenes in electrochemical and optical chemical sensors and biosensors. We first discuss the various types of graphenes, graphene oxides and the like, and also give a definition for each. This is followed by a section on the use of non-modified materials (“plain graphenes”) in mainly electrochemical and optical chemical sensors and biosensors. The next section summarizes the various kinds of sensors based on composite materials containing graphenes, with subsections on electro-chemical, field-effect-transistor-based, fluorescent, chemiluminescent and colorimetric sensors. We show that the use of graphenes alone or in composite form can improve the performance of chemical sensors and biosensors, particularly with respect to dynamic ranges, lower limits of detection, selectivity and size of instrumentation. The review is based on ∼270 references, primarily from 2007–12.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Sven Kochmann, Thomas Hirsch, Otto S. Wolfbeis
This review covers the current state of the art of using graphenes in electrochemical and optical chemical sensors and biosensors. We first discuss the various types of graphenes, graphene oxides and the like, and also give a definition for each. This is followed by a section on the use of non-modified materials (“plain graphenes”) in mainly electrochemical and optical chemical sensors and biosensors. The next section summarizes the various kinds of sensors based on composite materials containing graphenes, with subsections on electro-chemical, field-effect-transistor-based, fluorescent, chemiluminescent and colorimetric sensors. We show that the use of graphenes alone or in composite form can improve the performance of chemical sensors and biosensors, particularly with respect to dynamic ranges, lower limits of detection, selectivity and size of instrumentation. The review is based on ∼270 references, primarily from 2007–12.
Highlights
► We cover the current state of the art of using graphenes in sensor applications. ► We classify each type of graphene. ► We discuss unmodified materials and composite materials. ► This review is based on ∼270 references from 2007–12.Analytical and environmental applications of nanoparticles as enzyme mimetics
06 September 2012,
09:14:48
Publication year: 2012
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Jianxin Xie, Xiaodan Zhang, Hui Wang, Huzhi Zheng, Yuming Huang, Jianxin Xie
Recently, the intrinsic enzyme-like activity of nanoparticles (NPs) has become a growing area of interest. Compared with natural enzymes, these enzyme-like NPs are stable against denaturing, low in cost, and highly resistant to high concentrations of substrate. These advantages make them promising in various applications. In this review, we focus on recent advances in NPs as enzyme mimetics and their analytical and environmental applications. We pay special attention to the enzyme-like activity of magnetic NPs, cerium-oxide NPs, noble-metal NPs, carbon and other nanomaterials.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Jianxin Xie, Xiaodan Zhang, Hui Wang, Huzhi Zheng, Yuming Huang, Jianxin Xie
Recently, the intrinsic enzyme-like activity of nanoparticles (NPs) has become a growing area of interest. Compared with natural enzymes, these enzyme-like NPs are stable against denaturing, low in cost, and highly resistant to high concentrations of substrate. These advantages make them promising in various applications. In this review, we focus on recent advances in NPs as enzyme mimetics and their analytical and environmental applications. We pay special attention to the enzyme-like activity of magnetic NPs, cerium-oxide NPs, noble-metal NPs, carbon and other nanomaterials.
Highlights
► Analytical and environmental applications of nanoparticles (NPs) as enzyme mimetics. ► Review covers magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), cerium-oxide NPs and noble-metal NPs. ► Screening tools include colorimetric, electrochemical and chemiluminescence methods. ► Discussion of the future outlook of nanoparticles (NPs) as enzyme mimetics.Electrocatalytic oxidation of tyrosines shows signal enhancement in label-free protein biosensors
06 September 2012,
09:14:48
Publication year: 2012
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Ming-Yuan Wei, Parviz Famouri, Liang-Hong Guo
Label-free electrochemical (EC) protein biosensors that derive electrical signal from redox-active amino acid (AA) residues can avoid disruption of delicate protein structures, and thus provide a great opportunity to reveal valid information about protein functions. However, the challenge is that such a signal is usually very limited due to the sluggish EC reaction of free AAs on most common electrodes and slow electron-transfer rates from the deeply-buried AA residues in a protein to the electrode. Signal enhancement therefore becomes crucial. We first survey recent progress in this area. We present a signal-enhancing system that relies on the electrocatalytic oxidation of tyrosine mediated by osmium bipyridine or phenoxazine complexes. We describe several applications of label-free protein EC biosensors based on this detection principle for the analysis of protein functions, including the monitoring of protein-conformation change, study of ligand/protein binding, and detection of protein oxidative damage and protein phosphorylation. We describe related works on protein-function analysis using other signal-enhancing methods. The results suggest that label-free EC protein biosensors are suitable for the rapid survey of protein functions due to their fast response, ease of integration, cost effectiveness and convenience. Proof-of-concept work on the application of our system is paving the way for bio-analytical detections and protein-function analysis in future work.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Ming-Yuan Wei, Parviz Famouri, Liang-Hong Guo
Label-free electrochemical (EC) protein biosensors that derive electrical signal from redox-active amino acid (AA) residues can avoid disruption of delicate protein structures, and thus provide a great opportunity to reveal valid information about protein functions. However, the challenge is that such a signal is usually very limited due to the sluggish EC reaction of free AAs on most common electrodes and slow electron-transfer rates from the deeply-buried AA residues in a protein to the electrode. Signal enhancement therefore becomes crucial. We first survey recent progress in this area. We present a signal-enhancing system that relies on the electrocatalytic oxidation of tyrosine mediated by osmium bipyridine or phenoxazine complexes. We describe several applications of label-free protein EC biosensors based on this detection principle for the analysis of protein functions, including the monitoring of protein-conformation change, study of ligand/protein binding, and detection of protein oxidative damage and protein phosphorylation. We describe related works on protein-function analysis using other signal-enhancing methods. The results suggest that label-free EC protein biosensors are suitable for the rapid survey of protein functions due to their fast response, ease of integration, cost effectiveness and convenience. Proof-of-concept work on the application of our system is paving the way for bio-analytical detections and protein-function analysis in future work.
Highlights
► Work on electrochemical (EC) biosensors for protein function analysis is reviewed. ► Focus is on label-free EC sensors based on electrocatalytic oxidation of tyrosines. ► Studies on protein conformation change and ligand binding are described. ► Detection of protein oxidative damage and protein phosphorylation is described.Bioanalysis based on nanoporous materials
06 September 2012,
09:14:48
Publication year: 2012
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Zhihui Dai, Huangxian Ju
Nanoporous materials possess nanometer-sized pore distribution and are widely used in biosensing. The unique properties of nanoporous materials include large surface area, good chemical, thermal and mechanical stability, very uniform pore distribution with tunable pore size, high adsorption capacity, and an ordered porous network for free diffusion of substrates and reaction products. Usage of nanoporous materials can significantly improve the analytical performance of biosensors in biomedical diagnosis and monitoring of food and environmental quality. This article reviews some major advances in bioanalysis based on nanoporous materials, including biosensing based on zeolite, mesoporous silica, mesoporous carbon, mesoporous metal and metal oxide. These nanoporous materials have shown promising applications in electrochemical biosensing, electrocatalysis, proteomics analysis and biorecognition.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Zhihui Dai, Huangxian Ju
Nanoporous materials possess nanometer-sized pore distribution and are widely used in biosensing. The unique properties of nanoporous materials include large surface area, good chemical, thermal and mechanical stability, very uniform pore distribution with tunable pore size, high adsorption capacity, and an ordered porous network for free diffusion of substrates and reaction products. Usage of nanoporous materials can significantly improve the analytical performance of biosensors in biomedical diagnosis and monitoring of food and environmental quality. This article reviews some major advances in bioanalysis based on nanoporous materials, including biosensing based on zeolite, mesoporous silica, mesoporous carbon, mesoporous metal and metal oxide. These nanoporous materials have shown promising applications in electrochemical biosensing, electrocatalysis, proteomics analysis and biorecognition.
Highlights
► Nanoporous materials possess many advantages in their bioanalytical applications. ► Nanoporous materials significantly improve the analytical performance of biosensors. ► Recent advances in bioanalytical applications of nanoporous materials are highlighted.Conducting polymers in environmental analysis
06 September 2012,
09:14:48
Publication year: 2012
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Xiang Li, Yonghua Wang, Xin Yang, Jianmin Chen, Hongbo Fu, Tiantao Cheng, Yonghua Wang
As a family of materials, conducting polymers (CPs) elicit the possibility of both exploiting the chemical and physical attributes of the polymer for chemical analysis and incorporating its electronic and electrochemical properties to enhance the analytical figures of merit. This review article provides a snapshot of current investigations in many research laboratories on the use of CPs for sensors, separations and extraction techniques. This review focuses primarily on polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene and their substituted composites. It includes applications in gas, ion and organic molecule sensors, and solid-phase extraction and microextraction. We also discuss the broad challenges and the accomplishments in preparing analytical devices from CPs.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39
Xiang Li, Yonghua Wang, Xin Yang, Jianmin Chen, Hongbo Fu, Tiantao Cheng, Yonghua Wang
As a family of materials, conducting polymers (CPs) elicit the possibility of both exploiting the chemical and physical attributes of the polymer for chemical analysis and incorporating its electronic and electrochemical properties to enhance the analytical figures of merit. This review article provides a snapshot of current investigations in many research laboratories on the use of CPs for sensors, separations and extraction techniques. This review focuses primarily on polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene and their substituted composites. It includes applications in gas, ion and organic molecule sensors, and solid-phase extraction and microextraction. We also discuss the broad challenges and the accomplishments in preparing analytical devices from CPs.
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