Just Published: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

A new issue of this journal has just been published. To see abstracts of the papers it contains (with links through to the full papers) click here:

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis
http://rss.sciencedirect.com/publication/science/5247

Selected papers from the latest issue:

2.

The effects of a microwave heating method on the production of activated carbon from agricultural waste: A review   Review Article Pages 1-11 Roozbeh Hoseinzadeh Hesas, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud, J.N. Sahu, Arash Arami-Niya Highlights ► A comparison between microwave and thermal heating methods. ► Study the significant parameters in producing activated carbon (AC) by using microwave radiation. ► Study the effects of microwave-induced method on the properties of AC. ► Review the effects of the microwave-induced method on carbon yield.

3.

Properties of spray deposited Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films   Original Research Article Pages 12-16 N.M. Shinde, R.J. Deokate, C.D. Lokhande Highlights ► Detail film formation mechanisms of CZTS thin film. ► Simple and inexpensive method is for the synthesis of CZTS films. ► The structural, morphological and optical properties. ► In the present manuscript, the work is novel in the context that for the first time, the effect of different film thickness (244–754nm) on physicochemical properties of CZTS thin films.

4.

Thermal degradation of poly(isobornyl acrylate) and its copolymer with poly(methyl methacrylate) via pyrolysis mass spectrometry   Original Research Article Pages 17-25 Suriye Ozlem, Evren Aslan-Gürel, Rene M. Rossi, Jale Hacaloglu Highlights ► Evolution of isoborylene during the degradation of PIBA generates poly(acrylic acid). ► Poly(acrylic acid) decomposes by trans-esterification reactions eliminating H2O. ► Intermolecular interactions between PIBA and PMMA are effective.

5.

TG–FTIR and Py–GC/MS analysis on pyrolysis and combustion of pine sawdust   Original Research Article Pages 26-32 Ningbo Gao, Aimin Li, Cui Quan, Lin Du, Yue Duan Highlights ► Pyrolysis and combustion of pine sawdust were investigated with TG–FTIR and Py–GC/MS analysis. ► Kinetic parameters for pine sawdust pyrolysis and combustion process were obtained. ► The gaseous species were identified by the spectra: H2O, CO2, CO, CH4, phenols, and paraffin gas. ► The main compounds of pine sawdust thermal decomposing were organic acid, aldehyde and acid anhydride group.

6.

Pyrolytic spray increases levoglucosan production during fast pyrolysis   Original Research Article Pages 33-40 Qi Li, Philip H. Steele, Fei Yu, Brian Mitchell, El-Barbary M. Hassan Highlights ► We develop a pyrolytic spray method to increase levoglucosan production during fast pyrolysis. ► A significant increase of 30.7% in levoglucosan concentration based on the bio-oil organic portion was obtained. ► This method successfully suppressed levoglucosan decomposition in both the pyrolysis vapor stream and during condensation. ► Alkali metals assist the acetic acid formation while reducing the formation of levoglucosan and furfural during pyrolysis.

7.

Microwave and slow pyrolysis biochar—Comparison of physical and functional properties   Original Research Article Pages 41-48 Ondřej Mašek, Vitaly Budarin, Mark Gronnow, Kyle Crombie, Peter Brownsort, Emma Fitzpatrick, Peter Hurst Highlights ► Relatively high degree of charring achieved by microwave pyrolysis even at temperatures below 200̊C. ► Comparison of microwave and slow pyrolysis at temperatures up to 350̊C.

8.

Effect of temperature and additives on the yields of products and microwave pyrolysis behaviors of wheat straw   Original Research Article Pages 49-55 Xiqiang Zhao, Min Wang, Hongzhen Liu, Chao Zhao, Chunyuan Ma, Zhanlong Song Highlights ► A special microwave pyrolysis reactor (MWR) has been built for the pyrolysis of biomass. ► The microwave pyrolysis at a constant temperature or constant microwave power, and adding different additives were carried out. ► The product yields and compositions, as well as fuel properties at different reaction conditions was investigated.

9.

Effect of cellulose crystallinity on the formation of a liquid intermediate and on product distribution during pyrolysis   Original Research Article Pages 56-66 Zhouhong Wang, Armando G. McDonald, Roel J.M. Westerhof, Sascha R.A. Kersten, Christian M. Cuba-Torres, Su Ha, Brennan Pecha, Manuel Garcia-Perez Highlights ► Cellulose samples with lower crystallinity start to degrade at lower temperatures. ► The conversion of ball-milled cellulose occurs through the formation of a liquid intermediate. ► In the conversion of Avicel the fibrous structure is conserved. ► The ball-milled cellulose produces more furanic compounds due to the acceleration of dehydration reactions when a liquid phase intermediate was formed. ► Fragmentation reactions responsible for the formation of light compounds do not seem to be affected by cellulose crystallinity.

10.

Characteristics and pyrolysis dynamic behaviors of hydrothermally treated micro crystalline cellulose   Original Research Article Pages 67-74 Lingzhao Kong, Pengjie Miao, Jianguang Qin Highlights ► The HT is suitable for converting cellulose into powder product with high energy density and good hydrophobic characteristics. ► The weight loss of HT sample obtained at 250°C is 99.91%, which proves that HT can remarkably enhance the performance of the pyrolysis. ► HT products appear in two stair-stepping stages and activation energy of secondary stage pyrolysis is quite higher than that of first stage.

11.

FTIR and simultaneous TG/MS/FTIR study of Late Permian coals from Southern China   Original Research Article Pages 75-80 Shaoqing Wang, Yuegang Tang, Harold H. Schobert, Ya’nan Guo, Weicheng Gao, Xukun Lu Highlights ► The samples with high hydrogen contents and barkinite content were chosen. ► The samples are characterized by an aliphatic-rich structure. ► It was inferred that the samples have good hydrocarbon-generating potential. ► The evolutions of gaseous compounds during pyrolysis are different. ► The release of gaseous compounds is related to functional groups of coal.

12.

Monitoring pine wood thermolysis under hydrogen atmosphere by in situ and ex situ techniques   Original Research Article Pages 81-87 Cherif Larabi, Walid al Maksoud, Kai C. Szeto, Olivier Boyron, Anne Roubaud, Pierre Castelli, Catherine C. Santini, Jean J. Walter Highlights ► Pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, pine wood, is studied usingin situandex situtechniques. ► The main compounds released during the thermolysis were identified and composed of oxygenated molecules. ► It was shown that the pine wood was thermally stable up to 250°C. ► Solid state13C NMR showed that the cellulose and hemicellulose start to decompose around 300°C, and the lignin at 350°C. ► It was observed that the decomposition is faster under hydrogen than under argon.

13.

Lignin monomeric composition of corks from the barks of Betula pendula, Quercus suber and Quercus cerris determined by Py–GC–MS/FID   Original Research Article Pages 88-94 António Velez Marques, Helena Pereira Highlights ► This study contributes to an increase of the corks lignins knowledge. ► Analytical pyrolysis at low temperatures can be used to study cork lignins composition. ► This study confirms that cork lignins are typical G-lignins as those of softwood species. ► Cork lignin type of higher plants is independent of the tree specie. ► An heterogeneous and spatially oriented lignin can be envisaged in cork.

14.

Fast pyrolysis of biomass thermally pretreated by torrefaction   Original Research Article Pages 95-102 A.A. Boateng, C.A. Mullen Highlights ► Torrefied biomass was produced from hardwood and switchgrass pellets. ► The energy efficiency for the torrefaction process was 50–67%. ► Torrefied biomass was used as feedstock for bio-oil production via fast pyrolysis. ► Higher quality bio-oil was produced from torrefied biomass than from raw biomass. ► However, the yield and energy conversion to these bio-oils were decreased.

15.

The thermal stability of some semi-interpenetrated polymer networks based on epoxy resin and aromatic polyurethane   Original Research Article Pages 103-110 Dan Rosu, Liliana Rosu, Cristian-Dragos Varganici Highlights ► Thermal stability studies of some semi-interpenetrating polymer networks based on aromatic polyurethane and epoxy resin were conducted. ► Kinetic study was conducted by using two isoconversional methods. ► A coupled TG–FTIR–MS system was used for the evolved gases analysis. ► The software yielded a good correlation between experimental data and data calculated with the established kinetic model.

16.

Carbonisation of resorcinol–formaldehyde organic xerogels: Effect of temperature, particle size and heating rate on the porosity of carbon xerogels   Original Research Article Pages 111-116 A.H. Moreno, A. Arenillas, E.G. Calvo, J.M. Bermúdez, J.A. Menéndez Highlights ► Carbonization of organic xerogels to carbon xerogels was studied. ► Carbonization produces a significant development of microporosity. ► Temperature affects the porous texture only when coarse particles are carbonized. ► Small particle sizes favours the surface area development but impairs the yield. ► Heating rate has not significant influence on the pore structure.

17.

Investigation of thermally treated beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) by means of multifunctional analytical pyrolysis-GC/MS   Original Research Article Pages 117-126 A. Heigenmoser, F. Liebner, E. Windeisen, K. Richter Highlights ► Thermally modified timber (TMT) was investigated by combined methods of multifunctional pyrolysis-GC/MS for the first time. ► Besides conventional Py-GC/MS technique, the extended methods of evolved gas analysis (EGA) and heart-cut analysis (HCA) were performed. ► The thermal behaviour and alteration of the main wood components were examined. ► Degradation of thermally labile carbohydrates and specific lignin moieties were detected.

18.

Synergistic effects on pyrolysis of binary and ternary coal blends studied by means of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and Gieseler plastometer   Original Research Article Pages 127-136 M. Krzesińska, Ł. Smędowski, U. Szeluga Highlights ► Thermal decomposition of bituminous coal blends was studied with DMTA and Gieseler plastometer. ► Results were related to those obtained by means of XRD, TEM and Raman spectroscopy. ► Synergistic effects were detected on pyrolysis of all blends. ► Blends with 30–50wt.% of strongly caking coal were characterized by the greatest synergistic effects. ► Blends of the greatest synergistic effects resulted in the most ordered cokes.

19.

Pyrolytic and kinetic characteristics of waste glass substrate from liquid crystal display panels   Original Research Article Pages 137-144 Xinying Wang, Xuebin Lu, Shuting Zhang Highlights ► The pyrolysis of waste LCD glass substrate was first investigated in fixed bed reactor. ► The thermal behavior and kinetics of waste glass substrate were comprehensively studied. ► The characteristic study indicated the gaseous product was a valuable fuel. ► The physicochemical analysis showed pyrolysis oil had potential to be valuable material.

20.

Intrinsic kinetics and devolatilization of wheat straw during torrefaction   Original Research Article Pages 145-152 Lei Shang, Jesper Ahrenfeldt, Jens Kai Holm, Søren Barsberg, Rui-zhi Zhang, Yong-hao Luo, Helge Egsgaard, Ulrik B. Henriksen Highlights ► The mass loss during heating was taken into account when deriving kinetic parameters. ► Model can predict the residual mass of torrefaction in a batch-scale reactor well. ► Gas evolution was monitored in situ at 250 and 300°C for wheat straw torrefaction. ► At 300°C, water accounts for almost half of the overall mass loss.

21.

The structural development of zeolite-templated carbon under pyrolysis   Original Research Article Pages 153-157 X.H. Song, R. Xu, K. Wang Highlights ► Poly(furfuryl alcohol) impregnated into zeolite-Y to form polymer–zeolite composites. ► Three carbon samples derived at different pyrolytic temperatures. ► Low temperature (900°C) favors structural regularity and small micropores (d<1.0nm). ► High temperature (1050°C) favors micropore and high surface area. ► A too high temperature (1150°C) collapse micropores and form mesopores.

22.

Effect of feedstock composition on product yields and energy recovery rates of fast pyrolysis products from different straw types   Original Research Article Pages 158-165 Nicole Tröger, Daniel Richter, Ralph Stahl Highlights ► Elemental formulas for feedstock, char, organic condensate and gas could be defined independent of the feedstock. ► Ash and lignocelluloses influence is shown. ► CO/CO2-ratio of 1 corresponds to an organic condensate yield of about 50wt.%, whereas a ratio of 0.3–0.7 (straw) corresponds to about 18–32wt.%.

23.

Co-pyrolysis of biodiesel-derived glycerol with Greek lignite: A laboratory study   Original Research Article Pages 166-172 P. Manara, A. Zabaniotou Highlights ► Sustainability of small scale biodiesel units urges glycerol valorization. ► Fast pyrolysis gives an insight into the gasification/combustion process. ► Crude glycerol in lignite enhances pyrolysis conversion. ► Pyrolysis of crude glycerol with lignite resulted in high hydrogen yield.

24.

A complementary approach using analytical pyrolysis to evaluate collagen degradation and mineral fossilisation in archaeological bones: The case study of Vicenne-Campochiaro necropolis (Italy)   Original Research Article Pages 173-180 Alessio Adamiano, Daniele Fabbri, Giuseppe Falini, M. Giovanna Belcastro Highlights ► Pyrolysis with GC–MS of archaeological bones from Vicenne Necropolis. ► Cyclic dipeptides (DKP) yields correlated with TGA organic content. ► Collagen identified by cyclo(Pro–Hyp). ► Degree of bones conservation consistent with FTIR and XRD results.

25.

A new carbonaceous material derived from biomass source peels as an improved anode for lithium ion batteries   Original Research Article Pages 181-185 Xiaolei Sun, Xinghui Wang, Na Feng, Li Qiao, Xiuwan Li, Deyan He Highlights ► New carbonaceous material was fabricatedviadirectly pyrolyzing spongy pomelo peels. ► The product is composed primarily of disordered carbon and stacked graphene sheets. ► The product exhibits high capacity and excellent cycling stability and rate capability.

26.

TG–FTIR characterization of volatile compounds from flame retardant polyurethane foams materials   Original Research Article Pages 186-191 Xilei Chen, Lili Huo, Chuanmei Jiao, Shaoxiang Li Highlights ► Flame retardant polyurethane foams materials (PUFM) have been prepared. ► Combustion and thermal degradation behaviors of PUFM were studied by MCC and TG–IR. ► TCP has excellent flame retardant abilities for polyurethane foams materials. ► TCP has good ability of char formation in the polyurethane foams materials. ► The volatilized products are mainly carbonyl compounds, CO2, and esters.

27.

Characteristics of activated carbon prepared from waste PET by carbon dioxide activation   Original Research Article Pages 192-198 W. Bratek, A. Świątkowski, M. Pakuła, S. Biniak, M. Bystrzejewski, R. Szmigielski Highlights ► Activated carbon was obtained from waste PET by carbonization and activation. ► Its porous structure can be regulated by the temperature and/or activation time. ► It is a low-cost material for water pollutant adsorption and hydrogen storage. ► Another use is as an electrode material in supercapacitors or fuel cells.

28.

Transformation of lignocellulosic biomass during torrefaction   Original Research Article Pages 199-206 Junyeong Park, Jiajia Meng, Kwang Hun Lim, Orlando J. Rojas, Sunkyu Park Highlights ► Acid-insoluble residue increased to 38.2 from 30.1% in torrefied biomass at 330°C. ► 51% of lignin modified via demethoxylation in torrefied biomass at 330°C. ► Aromaticity increased from 35.8 to 59.6% in torrefied biomass at 330°C. ► Non-protonated aromatic carbon fraction increased during torrefaction.

29.

Fast pyrolysis of Kraft lignin—Vapor cracking over various fixed-bed catalysts   Original Research Article Pages 207-212 Hang Seok Choi, Dietrich Meier Highlights ► The screening of pyrolysis reactions was carried out for Kraft lignin with various catalysts. ► The biocrude-oil yields were evaluated and the biocrude-oil was further analyzed using GC/MS/FID. ► Also, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was performed for extracts from the solid residue. ► The minimum and maximum yields of biocrude-oil were 10.07% and 15.99%, respectively. ► HZSM-5 and FCC show the remarkable catalytic effects on the pyrolysis characteristics.

30.

Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin slow steam pyrolysis: Thermal decomposition of biomass components mixtures   Original Research Article Pages 213-222 Paola Giudicianni, Giuseppe Cardone, Raffaele Ragucci Highlights ► Mechanisms involved in steam pyrolysis of biomass components have been studied. ► Char porosity, vapor phase yield and HHV increase with process final temperature. ► Cellulose with respect to xylan and lignin gives a char with a higher surface area. ► Lignin is fundamental for the production of a vapor phase with a higher HHV. ► Interactions between biomass components affect char surface area.

31.

Thermal degradation and combustion behavior of reconstituted tobacco sheet treated with ammonium polyphosphate   Original Research Article Pages 223-229 Shun Zhou, Min Ning, Yingbo Xu, Yuan Hu, Junsheng Shu, Chenghui Wang, Shaolin Ge, Zhenfeng Tian, Shike She, Qing He Highlights ► The APP-modified reconstituted tobacco sheet (RTS) has been prepared successfully by a paper-making process. ► APP can retard the thermal degradation of the major components of RTS and change the formation of evolved volatile products of RTS obviously. ► APP can influence the release of fuel gases and the char formation in the process of the thermal decomposition of RTS, and thus retard the flammability of RTS.

32.

Effect of zinc borate and wood flour on thermal degradation and fire retardancy of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites   Original Research Article Pages 230-236 Yiqun Fang, Qingwen Wang, Chuigen Guo, Yongming Song, Paul A. Cooper Highlights ► WF improved the thermal properties of PVC matrix at a lower temperature while ZB presented better thermal properties at a higher temperature. ► The decrease of CH bonds and increase of CC bonds indicated WF and ZB promote the crosslinking and charring reactions of PVC. ► WF had little effect on smoke suppression but resulted in a positive effect on other fire performance properties of PVC. ► ZB hardly contributed to the flame retardancy of WF–PVC but it effectively functioned as a smoke suppressant for WF–PVC composite.

33.

Experimental and theoretical studies of pyrolysis of chrysophanol and its derivatives   Original Research Article Pages 237-244 Liangyuan Jia, Jiuzhong Yang, Lidong Zhang, Feng Zhang, Fei Qi, Haiyan Fan, Jibao Cai Highlights ► Pyrolysis behavior of chrysophanol and its derivatives was studied by SVUV-PIMS. ► Tunable SVUV photoionization benefits the measurement of pyrolytic products. ► The initial formation temperatures of all pyrolytic products have been determined. ► Theoretical calculations validated the decomposition pathways of studied compounds. ► SVUV-PIMS combined theoretical calculations perform well in pyrolysis analysis.

34.

Hydrotreating of low temperature coal tar to produce clean liquid fuels   Original Research Article Pages 245-252 Dong Li, Zhen Li, Wenhong Li, Qingchao Liu, Zili Feng, Zheng Fan Highlights ► Clean liquid oil was obtained from low temperature coal tar (LCT) via hydrotreating in trickle-bed reactor (TBR) system filled with commercial catalysts. ► The TBR system was capable of removing nitrogen and sulfur from 1.14 and 0.34wt % in the feed to 63μgg−1and 8μg·g−1, respectively in the products. ► Gasoline (<180°C) and diesel (180–360°C) fraction were separated from the hydrotreating products. Gasoline fraction has an aromatics content that is much less than its straight-run equivalent derived from crude oil, being a good feedstock for catalytic reforming. Diesel fraction meet all quality tests as fuels which could be directly use as motor fuels without upgrading.

35.

Adsorption of p-chlorophenol onto microporous activated carbon from Albizia lebbeck seed pods by one-step microwave assisted activation   Original Research Article Pages 253-260 Muthanna J. Ahmed, Samar K. Theydan Highlights ► Microporous carbon was prepared fromAlbizia lebbekseed pods. ► One-step microwave activation was adopted for preparation. ► High surface area of 1676.6m2/g was characterized. ► Maximum capacity of 300.6mg/g was reported forp-chlorophenol. ► Sorption mechanisms ofp-chlorophenol were illustrated.