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Selected
papers from the latest issue:
Emerging green technologies for the chemical standardization of botanicals and herbal preparations
05 July 2013,
10:16:47
Publication date: October
2013
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 50
Author(s): Ming Yuan Heng , Swee Ngin Tan , Jean Wan Hong Yong , Eng Shi Ong
As botanicals and many medicinal plants can be processed to become a food or a health supplement, a drug or cosmetics, chemical standardization is important for their quality control. Hence, the selection of appropriate extraction technologies and analytical techniques is required to provide a solvent-free solution for the chemical standardization of botanicals and herbal preparations.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 50
Author(s): Ming Yuan Heng , Swee Ngin Tan , Jean Wan Hong Yong , Eng Shi Ong
As botanicals and many medicinal plants can be processed to become a food or a health supplement, a drug or cosmetics, chemical standardization is important for their quality control. Hence, the selection of appropriate extraction technologies and analytical techniques is required to provide a solvent-free solution for the chemical standardization of botanicals and herbal preparations.
Multiple comparisons in mass-spectrometry-based -omics technologies
05 July 2013,
10:16:47
Publication date: October
2013
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 50
Author(s): Pietro Franceschi , Marco Giordan , Ron Wehrens
Survey technologies, such as metabolomics and proteomics, play increasingly important roles in the investigation of complex biological systems. These methods produce data sets that typically provide a huge amount of information using relatively few samples, so that finding differences between two groups, a fairly common question in this context, runs the risk of leading to many false positives. Often, the comparison is made on several thousand experimental variables, and strategies to correct for multiple-testing issues are necessary. We highlight the most important ideas, and assess their applicability in the fields of mass-spectrometry-based proteomics and (especially) metabolomics.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 50
Author(s): Pietro Franceschi , Marco Giordan , Ron Wehrens
Survey technologies, such as metabolomics and proteomics, play increasingly important roles in the investigation of complex biological systems. These methods produce data sets that typically provide a huge amount of information using relatively few samples, so that finding differences between two groups, a fairly common question in this context, runs the risk of leading to many false positives. Often, the comparison is made on several thousand experimental variables, and strategies to correct for multiple-testing issues are necessary. We highlight the most important ideas, and assess their applicability in the fields of mass-spectrometry-based proteomics and (especially) metabolomics.
Independent Components Analysis with the JADE algorithm
05 July 2013,
10:16:47
Publication date: October
2013
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 50
Author(s): D.N. Rutledge , D. Jouan-Rimbaud Bouveresse
Independent Components Analysis (ICA) is a relatively recent method, with an increasing number of applications in chemometrics. Of the many algorithms available to compute ICA parameters, the Joint Approximate Diagonalization of Eigenmatrices (JADE) algorithm is presented here in detail. Three examples are used to illustrate its performance, and highlight the differences between ICA results and those of other methods, such as Principal Components Analysis. A comparison with Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) is also presented in the case of a three-way data set to show that ICA applied on an unfolded high-order array can give results comparable with those of PARAFAC.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 50
Author(s): D.N. Rutledge , D. Jouan-Rimbaud Bouveresse
Independent Components Analysis (ICA) is a relatively recent method, with an increasing number of applications in chemometrics. Of the many algorithms available to compute ICA parameters, the Joint Approximate Diagonalization of Eigenmatrices (JADE) algorithm is presented here in detail. Three examples are used to illustrate its performance, and highlight the differences between ICA results and those of other methods, such as Principal Components Analysis. A comparison with Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) is also presented in the case of a three-way data set to show that ICA applied on an unfolded high-order array can give results comparable with those of PARAFAC.
Applications of metal-organic frameworks as stationary phases in chromatography
05 July 2013,
10:16:47
Publication date: October
2013
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 50
Author(s): Yuebo Yu , Yuqian Ren , Wei Shen , Huimin Deng , Zhiqiang Gao
As a new family of mesoporous and microporous materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered versatile materials for widespread technical applications. We summarize some of the eminent properties of MOFs and the development in the application of MOFs in chromatography, especially the advantages they could bring to gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The application of MOFs as novel stationary phases in chromatography in place of conventional materials has led to notable improvements in the performance of GC and HPLC. We highlight differences in chromatographic performance between MOFs and conventional sorbents, such as zeolites, before discussing the future prospects for MOFs in chromatography.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 50
Author(s): Yuebo Yu , Yuqian Ren , Wei Shen , Huimin Deng , Zhiqiang Gao
As a new family of mesoporous and microporous materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered versatile materials for widespread technical applications. We summarize some of the eminent properties of MOFs and the development in the application of MOFs in chromatography, especially the advantages they could bring to gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The application of MOFs as novel stationary phases in chromatography in place of conventional materials has led to notable improvements in the performance of GC and HPLC. We highlight differences in chromatographic performance between MOFs and conventional sorbents, such as zeolites, before discussing the future prospects for MOFs in chromatography.
Creatinine sensors
05 July 2013,
10:16:47
Publication date: October
2013
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 50
Author(s): C.S. Pundir , Sandeep Yadav , Ashok Kumar
The measurement of creatinine level in human blood and urine is clinically essential, because it reflects the renal, muscular and thyroid functions. This article reviews the current status of electrochemical enzymic/non-enzymic and immunosensors for creatinine. The performance of creatinine sensors could be improved by tailoring the properties of the interface with nanoparticles through engineering morphology, particle size, effective surface area, functionality, adsorption capability and electron-transfer properties. We expect these interesting properties of nanomaterials to find applications in miniaturized, smart sensing devices.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 50
Author(s): C.S. Pundir , Sandeep Yadav , Ashok Kumar
The measurement of creatinine level in human blood and urine is clinically essential, because it reflects the renal, muscular and thyroid functions. This article reviews the current status of electrochemical enzymic/non-enzymic and immunosensors for creatinine. The performance of creatinine sensors could be improved by tailoring the properties of the interface with nanoparticles through engineering morphology, particle size, effective surface area, functionality, adsorption capability and electron-transfer properties. We expect these interesting properties of nanomaterials to find applications in miniaturized, smart sensing devices.
Mass spectrometry as a useful tool for the analysis of stabilizers in polymer materials
05 July 2013,
10:16:47
Publication date: October
2013
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 50
Author(s): Christian W. Klampfl
The potential of mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of stabilizers in plastics materials is reviewed, discussing the strong and weak points of the different techniques. Direct analysis of plastics samples without any, or with only minor, preparation steps is possible with MS techniques. Here, the primary focus lies in the fast identification of stabilizers in plastics, which is a useful tool for screening larger sets of samples. Also, the possibility of spatially-resolved surface analysis by MS is discussed.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 50
Author(s): Christian W. Klampfl
The potential of mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of stabilizers in plastics materials is reviewed, discussing the strong and weak points of the different techniques. Direct analysis of plastics samples without any, or with only minor, preparation steps is possible with MS techniques. Here, the primary focus lies in the fast identification of stabilizers in plastics, which is a useful tool for screening larger sets of samples. Also, the possibility of spatially-resolved surface analysis by MS is discussed.
Advances in the analysis of legal and illegal drugs in the aquatic environment
05 July 2013,
10:16:47
Publication date: October
2013
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 50
Author(s): Pablo Vazquez-Roig , Cristina Blasco , Yolanda Picó
We review the current methods developed for the analysis of legal and illegal drugs (LIDs) and their metabolites in environmental samples. We discuss the advantages and the pitfalls of multi-class methods with emphasis on new strategies for sample preparation and recent technical developments. Finally, we present the applicability of these methods to the analysis of LIDs in protected environmental areas.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 50
Author(s): Pablo Vazquez-Roig , Cristina Blasco , Yolanda Picó
We review the current methods developed for the analysis of legal and illegal drugs (LIDs) and their metabolites in environmental samples. We discuss the advantages and the pitfalls of multi-class methods with emphasis on new strategies for sample preparation and recent technical developments. Finally, we present the applicability of these methods to the analysis of LIDs in protected environmental areas.
The 12 principles of green analytical chemistry and the SIGNIFICANCE mnemonic of green analytical practices
05 July 2013,
10:16:47
Publication date: October
2013
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 50
Author(s): Agnieszka Gałuszka , Zdzisław Migaszewski , Jacek Namieśnik
The current rapid development of green analytical chemistry (GAC) requires clear, concise guidelines in the form of GAC principles that will be helpful in greening laboratory practices. The existing principles of green chemistry and green engineering need revision for their use in GAC because they do not fully meet the needs of analytical chemistry. In this article we propose a set of 12 principles consisting of known concepts (i.e. reduction in the use of reagents and energy, and elimination of waste, risk and hazard) together with some new ideas (i.e. the use of natural reagents), which will be important for the future of GAC.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 50
Author(s): Agnieszka Gałuszka , Zdzisław Migaszewski , Jacek Namieśnik
The current rapid development of green analytical chemistry (GAC) requires clear, concise guidelines in the form of GAC principles that will be helpful in greening laboratory practices. The existing principles of green chemistry and green engineering need revision for their use in GAC because they do not fully meet the needs of analytical chemistry. In this article we propose a set of 12 principles consisting of known concepts (i.e. reduction in the use of reagents and energy, and elimination of waste, risk and hazard) together with some new ideas (i.e. the use of natural reagents), which will be important for the future of GAC.
Application of ultrasonic irradiation and vortex agitation in solvent microextraction
05 July 2013,
10:16:47
Publication date: September
2013
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 49
Author(s): Vasil Andruch , Martin Burdel , Lívia Kocúrová , Jana Šandrejová , Ioseph S. Balogh
Ultrasonic irradiation and vortex agitation were introduced to enhance the efficiency of solvent microextraction. The present overview covers ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction, ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced microextraction, vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction, vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification liquid-liquid microextraction, ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 49
Author(s): Vasil Andruch , Martin Burdel , Lívia Kocúrová , Jana Šandrejová , Ioseph S. Balogh
Ultrasonic irradiation and vortex agitation were introduced to enhance the efficiency of solvent microextraction. The present overview covers ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction, ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced microextraction, vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction, vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification liquid-liquid microextraction, ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction.
Electrochemical nano-immunosensing of effective cardiac biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction
05 July 2013,
10:16:47
Publication date: September
2013
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 49
Author(s): Mohammad Hasanzadeh , Nasrin Shadjou , Morteza Eskandani , Miguel de la Guardia , Eskandar Omidinia
This review provides an overview of the various types of electrochemical immunosensors that have been developed for determination of cardiac biomarkers, along with significant advances over the last several years in related technologies. We also summarize the latest developments in the applications of electrochemical immunosensors in ultrasensitive detection of electroactive cardiac biomarkers.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 49
Author(s): Mohammad Hasanzadeh , Nasrin Shadjou , Morteza Eskandani , Miguel de la Guardia , Eskandar Omidinia
This review provides an overview of the various types of electrochemical immunosensors that have been developed for determination of cardiac biomarkers, along with significant advances over the last several years in related technologies. We also summarize the latest developments in the applications of electrochemical immunosensors in ultrasensitive detection of electroactive cardiac biomarkers.
Application of LC-MS to the analysis of advanced oxidation process (AOP) degradation of dye products and reaction mechanisms
05 July 2013,
10:16:47
Publication date: September
2013
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 49
Author(s): S. Hisaindee , M.A. Meetani , M.A. Rauf
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are commonly used for degrading dyes in effluents. Valuable information regarding AOP-mediated formation of intermediates and degradation products can be obtained by using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry as an analytical technique. We review the recent outcomes on this subject with respect to analytical procedures, literature citations and the proposed reaction mechanisms.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 49
Author(s): S. Hisaindee , M.A. Meetani , M.A. Rauf
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are commonly used for degrading dyes in effluents. Valuable information regarding AOP-mediated formation of intermediates and degradation products can be obtained by using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry as an analytical technique. We review the recent outcomes on this subject with respect to analytical procedures, literature citations and the proposed reaction mechanisms.
Developments in ultrasound-assisted microextraction techniques for isolation and preconcentration of organic analytes from aqueous samples
05 July 2013,
10:16:47
Publication date: September
2013
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 49
Author(s): Aleksandra Szreniawa-Sztajnert , Bożena Zabiegała , Jacek Namieśnik
The great potential of ultrasonic assistance in sample preparation, especially extraction, is being recognized. In this review, we discuss the applications of ultrasonic radiation in assisting microextraction. Topics covered include ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction, ultrasound-assisted-emulsification-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and ultrasound-assisted hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction with its modifications. We critically discuss the advantages and the limitations of each technique. Finally, we summarize recent practical applications.
Source:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 49
Author(s): Aleksandra Szreniawa-Sztajnert , Bożena Zabiegała , Jacek Namieśnik
The great potential of ultrasonic assistance in sample preparation, especially extraction, is being recognized. In this review, we discuss the applications of ultrasonic radiation in assisting microextraction. Topics covered include ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction, ultrasound-assisted-emulsification-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and ultrasound-assisted hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction with its modifications. We critically discuss the advantages and the limitations of each technique. Finally, we summarize recent practical applications.
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